环球时代：英语专业八级全真模拟冲刺卷（3）

TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN，听力录音请登录环球时代学校网站下载)

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after a mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your note, and another ten minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on you colored answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
1. How did the interviewer describe Deputy Sheriff Jennifer Fulford-Salvano?
A. duty and success. B. selfless service and heroism.
C. love and sacrifice. D. valor and reputation
2. What happened that morning?
A. Deputy Sheriff Jennifer Fulford-Salvano was called to a home invasion in progress in Orlando.
B. The 911 call was made by the mother whose eight-year-old boy and 2-year-old twin girls were at home.
C. The colleague of Deputy Sheriff Jennifer was also shot seven times.
D. Many other officers had already gone inside when Deputy Sheriff Jennifer arrived.
3. When did the shooting start?
A. Right after she went in.
B. When she found the doors on the car were locked.
C. When she began checking.
D. When she walked outside the garage door.
4. What happened to the two robbers who shot at Jennifer at the same time?
A. One died on the spot and the other died in the hospital.
B. Both died on the spot.
C. One died on the spot and the other ended up in jail.
D. One died on the spot and the other escaped.
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Jennifer would call in sick that day if she had known what would happen.
B. Jennifer was just happy to see the kids were safe.
C. Jennifer thought it is her job, it is what she was there for to save the three little kids.
D. Jennifer probably would go there again if it was the same situation because she regarded it as her responsibility.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.
Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Ala Kartar is in fact the town named Markondo in the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude".
B. The government of Ala Kartar has decided to change its name to commemorate Gabriel Gacia Marquez.
C. Some supernatural events have taken place in the town of Ala Kartar.
D. Macondo is located in a banana growing area in the novel.

Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
7. It is ________that took the initiative in the merger?
A. Arcelor B. Mittal Steel C. Luxemburg D. WTO

Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
8. Katharine Jefferts Schori called on the people to concentrate on _______.
A. inequity B. woman election C. religious problems D. gay problems

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.
9. Which of the following information about Warren Buffett is correct?
A. He has been giving 1.5 billion dollars to charity each year.
B. He will give presents to a foundation in commemoration of his late wife every year.
C. He has talked about his plan with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
D. His children will succeed him as the chief executive of the Berkshire Hathaway Corporation.
10. The Gates Fundation has set aside millions of dollars to develop educational technology ________.
A. in developing countries B. in developed countries
C. in the United States D. in North America

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are several reading passage followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.

TEXT A
It was a day that Michael Eisner would undoubtedly like to forget. Sitting in a Los Angeles witness box for four hours last week, the usually unflappable chairman of the Walt Disney Co. struggled to maintain his composure. Eisner' s protégé turned nemesis. Jeffrey Katzenberg, his former employee, was seeking $500 million in his breach-of-contract suit against Disney, and Eisner was trying to defend his-and his company's integrity. At one point Eisner became flustered when Katzenberg's attorney, Bertram Fields, asked if he recalled telling his biographer, Tony Schwartz, " I think I hate the little midget." Later Eisner recalled that the same day, he had received a fax from Katzenberg meant for Fields, thanking the lawyer for "managing" a magazine story that praised Katzenberg at Eisner' s expense: "I said to Schwartz, ' Screw that. If he is going to play this disingenuous game... I simply was not going to pay him his money. '"
Last week's revelations were the latest twist in a dispute that has entertained Hollywood and tarnished Disney's corporate image. The dash began five years ago, when Katzenberg quit Disney after a 10-year reign as studio chief, during which he oversaw production of such animated blockbusters as "The Lion King" . Disney's attorneys said that Katzenberg forfeited his bonus-2 percent of profits in perpetuity from all Disney movies, TV shows and stage productions from 1984 to 1994, as well as their sequels and tie-ins-when he left. The company ultimately paid Katzenberg a partial settlement of nearly $ 117 million, sources say. But talks broke down over how much Disney owed, and the dispute landed in court.
Industry insiders never expected that Disney would push it this far. The last Hollywood accounting dispute that aired in public was Art Buchwalds' s lawsuit against Paramount for profits he claimed to be owed from the 1988 Eddie Murphy hit "Coming to America". Paramount chose to fight Buchwald in court-only to wind up paying him $1 million after embarrassing revelations about its business practices. After that, studios made a practice of quietly settling such claims. But Disney under Eisner would rather fight that settle. And he and Katzenberg are both proud, combative types whose business disagreement deepened into personal animus.
So far, Disney's image-as well as Eisner's-has taken a beating. In his testimony last week Eisner repeatedly responded to questions by saying "I don't recall" or "I don't know". Katzenberg, by contrast, offered a stack of notes and memos that appeared to bolster his claim. (The Disney executive who negotiated Katzenberg's deal, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash five years ago.)
The trial has also offered a devastating glimpse into the Magic Kingdom's business dealings. Internal documents detail sensitive Disney financial information. One Hollywood lawyer calls a memo sent to Katzenberg from a former Disney top accountant "a road map to riches" for writers, directors and producers eager to press cases against Disney. The company declined requests to comment on the case. The next phase of the trial could be even more embarrassing. As Katzenberg's profit participation is calculated, Eisner will have to argue that his animated treasures are far less valuable than Katzenberg claims. No matter how the judge rules, Disney will look like a loser.
11. At the end of the first paragraph, the pronoun "I" in the quoted sentence "I said to Schwatz,... "refers to _________.
A. Eisner B. Fields C. Schwatz D. Katzenberg
12. Katzenberg made a lawsuit against Disney because ____.
A. Disney dismissed him before the contract expired
B. Eisner insulted him in a magazine by calling him "the little midget"
C. Disney did not pay him in accordance with the contract
D. Disney owed him $ 117 million
13. Hollywood studios now try to avoid sealing disputes with their employees in court because they fear that ____.
A. involvement in a lawsuit will tarnish their reputation
B. many of their illegal business practices will be found out by the public
C. lawyers will overcharge them for such cases
D. their confidential business information will be divulged
14. It is implied in the last paragraph that ____.
A. Disney has profited much less than the general public expected
B. Disney has underpaid many of their employees
C. Eisner's animated movies didn't bring as much money as Katzenberg thinks
D. Disney is undergoing a financial crisis
15. We can infer from this passage that __________.
A. Katzenberg will undoubtedly win the lawsuit and get all the money he claimed
B. Eisner will remain imperturbable all through the trial
C. Katzenberg will suffer great embarrassment
D. Disney will face more lawsuits from their employees

TEXT B
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain's physical deterioration.
It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.
Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.
There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
For example, Coffey's team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.
Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone's mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things". More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team's findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. "The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage)," he said. "My hunch is that we can."
According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.
"A hot topic down the road," Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.

16. According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except
A. age B. education C. health D. exercise
17. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.
B. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased by 17.7 millimeters.
C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.
D. The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.
18. According to Coffey's research, the brain may benefit from
A. running B. playing chess
C. swimming D. playing football.
19. From this passage, we can conclude that __________.
A. education is beneficial to mental development.
B. education protects the brain from shrinking.
C. education has a protective effect against mental decline.
D. education affects overall brain structures.

TEXT C
Roger Rosenblatt's book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle's recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it introduces.
Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology outwits much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt's literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.
Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity to the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are related to the themes, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.
Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt's theme-based analysis permits considerable objectivity, he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works, yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Tommer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.
20. The author objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it
A. emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction
B. misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction
C. misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction
D. substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction
21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism
B. comparing various critical approaches to "a subject
C. discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism
D. summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism
22. The author believes that Black Fiction would have been improved, had Resenblatt
A. evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction
B. attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors
C. explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history
D. assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically
23. The author's discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as
A. pedantic and contentious
B. critical but admiring
C. ironic and deprecating
D. argumentative but unfocused
24. It can be inferred that the author would be LEAST likely to approve of which of the following?
A. An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writers
B. A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors
C. A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according to the political acceptability of their themes
D. An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the context of Black history
25. The author refers to James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man most probably in order to
A point out affinities between Rosenblatt's method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism
B clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage
C qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt's book made in the first paragraph of the passage
D give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenbaltts' work

TEXT D
SOMETHING ABOUT NAPLES just seems made for comedy. The name alone conjures up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible innocents warbling "O Sole Mio"; a nutty little corner of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question "Why?" appears to be "Why not?"
Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rear-ended one of the city's minibuses. The bus driver got out to investigate. While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. Neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again.
Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there?
But Naples actually isn't so funny. Italy's third largest city, with 1.1 million people, has a much darker side, where chaos reigns: bag snatching and mugging, clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights haven't functioned for months, maybe years - if they have lights at all. Packs of wild dogs roam the city's main park. Nineteen policemen on the anti-narcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the Camorra, the local Mafia.
To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To them Naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized crime, appallingly large families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work..
Nepolitans know their reputation. "People think nothing ever gets done here," said a young professional woman. "Sometimes they say, 'Surely you come from Milan. You come from Naples? Naples?"
Giovanni del Forno, an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern Italian city, the plane waited on the tarmac for half an hour for a gate to become available. "And I began to hear the comments around me: 'Well, here we are in Naples,"' he said with a wince. "These comments make me suffer."
Neapolitans may complain, but most can't conceive of living anywhere else. The city has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers. They love even the things that don't work, and they love being Neapolitans. They know outsiders don't get it, and they don't care. "Even if you go away", one woman said, "you remain a prisoner of this city. My city has many problems, but away from it I feel bad."
This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. Naples has survived wars, revolutions, floods, earthquakes, and eruptions of nearby Vesuvius. First a wealthy colony founded by the Greeks (who called it Neapolis, or "new city"), then a flourishing Roman resort, it lived through various incarnations under dynasties of Normans, Swabians, Austrians, Spanish, and French, not to mention a glorious period as the resplendent capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
It was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with London and Paris. The Nunziatella, the oldest military school in Italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory; the Teatro San Carlo remains one of the greatest opera houses in the world. The treasures of Pompeii grace the National Museum. Stretched luxuriantly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the Bay of Naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens, churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich folklore, Naples in the last century was beloved by artists and writers. The most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer, "See Naples and die."
Today that remark carries less poetic connotations. The bombardments of World War II were followed by the depredations of profiteers and politicians-for-rent who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself, surviving on government handouts. Until five years ago city governments were cobbled together by warring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. A cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in 1980 by a major earthquake. Its famous port has withered (though the U.S. Sixth Fleet command is still based just up the coast), industries have failed, tourists have fled, natives have moved out-it seems that only drug trafficking is booming. "Unlivable," the Neapolitans say. "Incomprehensible". "Martyred".
26. The two examples in the second and third paragraphs intend to show that
A. Naples has a high incidence of traffic accidents.
B. anything extraordinary can happen in Naples.
C. people there love to store food for years.
D. everything appears to be on the wrong side.
27. The following words are appropriate to describe traffic conditions in Naples EXCEPT
A. disorder. B. overcrowding.
C. insecurity. D. inefficiency.
28. It can be concluded from the passage that the Northerners
A. are critical of what Naples represents.
B. sympathize with Neopolitans.
C. share many things with Neopolitans,
D. make every effort to shun Neopolitans.
29. The author implies that Neopolitans' affection for the city
A. was unrealistic. B. went a bit too far.
C. was extraordinary. D. gave rise to concern.
30. When the author says "Today that remark carries less poetic connotations," he actually means that
A. the city can now boast very few poets.
B. artists and writers have left for London and Paris.
C. the city underwent heavy bombing during the War.
D. The city's present problems obscured its glorious past.

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
31. ________________ delivered his world-famous speech Gettysburg Address during the Civil War.
A. Cromwell B. Lincoln C. Churchill D. Nixon
32. After the Norman Conquest the official language in England was _____________.
A. Anglo-Saxon B. Spanish C. Latin D. French
33. After the Glorious Revolution _________________________ was established in Britain.
A. Feudalism and Aristocracy B. Constitutional Monarchy
C. Absolute Anarchy D. Laissez Faire
34. __________________ proposed New Deal.
A. Roosevelt B. Wilson C. Nixon D. Kennedy
35. Captain Ahab is the most fascinating hero in _______________________.
A. The Old Man and the Sea B. Moby Dick
C. Leaves of Grass D. Robinson Crusoe
36. ___________________ authored The Wrath of Grapes.
A. Steinbeck B. Fitzgerald C. Hemingway D. Faulkner
37. Robert Browning is often associated with ___________________.
A. stream of consciousness B. dramatic monologue
C. heroic couplet D. multiple point of view
38. __________________ analysis is a process of grammatical analysis according to which a syntactic construction can be analyzed into its basic units.
A. TG B. IC C. LAD D. ST
39. The founder of Behaviorism is ___________________.
A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Bloomfield D. Labov
40. _______________ is a word which is the reflection of more than one objects or concepts.
A. Monosemy B. Polysemy C. Antonymy D. Synonymy

PART IV PROOFREADING& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
当然恐惧还是有些道理的。我们正处在一个变化的时代。我们深感变化的必要性，我们正在变，我们必须变。我们抵挡不住变化，就像树叶到秋天挡不住要变黄、变枯，球茎在春天挡不住要钻出土壤，萌出新芽一样。我们正在变，我们正处于变化的阵痛之中，正将是一场伟大的变化。本能让我们感觉到，直觉使我们认识到这种变化。他们害怕了，因为变化带来痛苦，同时每逢重要的转变时期，一切都捉摸不定，而有生命的东西最容易受至伤害。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
The balance of nature is a very elaborate and very delicate system of checks and counterchecks. It is continually being altered as climates change, as new organisms evolve, as animals or plants permeate to new areas. But the alterations have in the past, for the most part, been slow, whereas with the arrival of civilized man, their speed has been multiplied manifold: from the evolutionary time-scale, where change is measured by periods of ten or a hundred thousand years, they have been transferred to the human time-scale in which centuries and even decades count.
Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization. He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million.

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

Throughout our lives we have many teachers, and parents have been regarded as first and important teachers. And still some others strongly hold the view that parents are the best teachers."Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:

Parents are the best teachers?
In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details (or examples). In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR..

ANSWER SHEET ONE
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS
GRADE EIGHT

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE (10MIN)
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your note.

Argumentation: Functions and Strategies
I. Functions of argumentation:
You can use argumentation to
1) make a point in (1)________, (1)_________
2) persuade a friend to lend you money,
3) talk an employer into giving you a day off.
It helps see through (2)_________ arguments that others (2)_________
may make.
II. Five strategies in advancing an argument:
1 Use Tactful, polite Language
not to anger opponents by referring to their opinions in
(3) ________________terms. (3)_________
2 Point Out Common Ground
to point out common ground-opinions that you share.
Readers will be (4)______________ to your idea. (4)_________
3 Acknowledge Differing Viewpoints
First, it helps you (5)________________ in the opposing position. (5)_________
Second, it gives the impression that you are willing to look at an
issue（6）_______________. (6)_________
Several techniques to acknowledge differing viewpoints.
1). divide your thesis into two parts.
2). use one or two sentences in the introduction to
(7)_______________ the alternative position. (7)_________
3). use a paragraph to summarize opposing opinions.
4 Grant the Merits of Differing Viewpoints
You will lose credibility if you argue against something that
clearly (8)____________. (8)_________
5 Rebut Differing Viewpoints
To rebut means to (9)______________with an opposing view. (9)_________
A rebuttal can take two forms.
1) You can first mention (10) ________ of the other side. (10)________
2) You can present the first point and rebut that point, then
move on to the second.

ANSWER SHEET TWO
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS
GRADE EIGHT
PART IV PROOFREADING& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word,

For a missing word,

For an unnecessary word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
cross the unnecessary word with a slash " / " and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Example
When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit

There are superstitions attached to numbers; even those ancient Greeks
believed that all numbers and their multiple have some mystical significance. (1)_________
Those numbers between 1 and 13 were on particular to have a powerful (2)_________
influence over the affairs of men.
For example, it is commonly said that luck, good or bad, comes in threes;
if an accident happens, two more of the same kind may be expected soon
shortly afterwards. The arrival of a letter will be followed by two others (3)_________
within a certain period.
Another belief involving the number three has that it is unlucky to light (4)_________
three cigarettes from the one match. If this happens, the bad luck that goes
with the deed falls upon the person which cigarette was the last to be lit. (5)_________
the ill-omen linked to the lighting of three things from one match or candle
goes to at least the 17th century and probably earlier. It was believed that (6)_________
three candles alight at the same time would be sure to bring good luck; (7)_________
one, two, or four, were permissible, and never just three. (8)_________
Seven was another significant number, usually regarded as a
bringer of good luck. The ancient astrologers believed that the universe
was governed by seven planets; students of Shakespeare will recall that
life of man was divided into seven ages. Seven horseshoes nailed to
a house will protect it away all evils. Nine is usually thought of as (9)_________
a lucky number because it is the product of three time three. It was (10)________
much used by the Anglo Saxons in their charms for healing.

答案：

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A
1. class discussion 2. faulty 3. rude or belittling 4. more receptive
5. spot flaws 6. from all rides 7. acknowledge 8. makes sense
9. point out problems 10. all the points
SECTION B ＆ SECTION C
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C

PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D
21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D
26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. B

PART IV PROOFREADING& ERROR CORRECTION

1. have-had, 该句是过去时态，指的是古代希腊人的信仰。
2. on particular-in particular, in particular是固定短语，意思是"尤其"，通常放其所修饰成分的后面，表示强调。
3. shortly要删除，因为它与soon的意思重叠，属于用词累赘的错误（redundancy）。
4. has that-has it that, it代表后面的整个句子，它作has的宾语，它与that后面的从句指的是一件事。
5. which-whose, whose是修饰the person的成分，表示"属于某人的"。
6. goes-goes back, go back to是固定短语，意思是"追溯到"。
7. good-bad, 该句的意思是讲数字三与恶运的关系，故逻辑上有错误，应把good改为bad。
8. and-but, 本句该处成分的含义与该句前面成分是逻辑上的转折关系。
9. away-from, protect sth./sb. from sth.是固定搭配，意思是"保护某物／某人不受某物侵害"。
10. time-times, time是名词"时间"，而这里需要"乘"的意思，故用times。

PART V TRANSLATION
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Indeed horror has its reason to appear. Now we're in a changing era and we deeply feel the necessity of changing. We're changing and we have to change. We couldn't stop the change, as leaves turn yellow and fall off the trees in autumn and corms can't wait breaking through the soil to sprout new buds. We are changing and we are right in the throe of changes. This will be a great change. Instinct and intuition make us sense and realize the change. They are scared of changes, since changes may bring along pains. Meanwhile, nothing is predictable in critical transitional period and things alive are most vulnerable.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
自然界的平衡是一个非常微妙又异常脆弱的破坏与反破坏的体系。这种平衡随着气候的变化，新生物的进化，以及动植物向新领域的蔓延而不停的变化着。但这种变化在以前，或者说很久以前是缓慢的，随着文明人类的到来，变化的速度就急速地提高了：进化速度由以前几万年甚至十万年为计算单位提高到现在的以几百年甚至几十年为单位。
人类正无处不在地改变着大自然的平衡。人们有意或无意地使动植物向其他领域扩展变得更加容易。大片的土地被覆盖上了新的各种各样的植物，或者是楼房，工厂，一堆堆的矿渣和其他人类文明的产物。人类使一些物种大规模的灭绝，而又倾向于使另一些物种大量地繁衍。总之，人类在五千年内使地球的生物圈发生的变化远远大于大自然自身五百万年里所发生的变化。

PART VI WRITING

Parents are the best teachers?
I have been lucky to have a very good relationship with my parents, friendly, respectful, understanding and loving. They have supported me when I have felt weak, given me necessary criticism when I have made mistakes, and taught me a great deal about how to live a full life. They are my very important teachers in my life; however, they are not the best ones who can always give me the best advice and instructions. Therefore, I do not consider parents to be always our best teachers.
Parents may be too close to their children emotionally to be their detached and objective observers and instructors. Sometimes parents can only see their children through the eyes of a protector. Too much love by parents in this way can only impede a child's freedom of development and render him inadaptable to the real world and eventually spoil him. For example, a teacher may encourage a student to make a solo trip to a big or another city to widen his or her horizon and see it as a valuable new experience. However, it might be too dangerous and too much to a parent.
Another problem children may have with their parents is that parents more often than not expect their children's interests to be similar to their own. Parents simply cannot separate themselves from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to take up science regardless of the fact that his true love is art. Alfred Nobel's father expected him to learn to be a lawyer, but he became an industrialist and scientist. Alexander Bell's parents wished that Bell could be a doctor, but ironically he became the greatest scientist. If they had listened to their parents' advise The world of science would have been much poorer.
Also, parents are usually eager to pass on their values to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always right. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, find it difficult to keep up with rapid social and technological changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that his parents have narrow views. A student who loves computers may find that her parents do not really understand or value the digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in.
Parents are our protectors, especially in the early stage of our lives. Without their selfless love and guardians, very few of us can survive. And for a lot of periods of time in our life they can be our very good teachers. But they are not always our best teachers.

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